Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Efficiency and Pressure Drop of an Inertial Impactor with Variable Area

The deposition efficiency and pressure drop of inertial impactor with variable area has been studied numerically and experimentally. The effect of volumetric flow rate, vertical barrier, oblique barrier and flexible concave plate versus deposition and impaction efficiency and pressure drop is investigated. Numerical simulation is carried out with DPM (discrete phase method) and turbulent model of SST k-ω. To validate the numerical results a special test rig is designed to study the deposition efficiency of engine oil droplets (blow-by) with a diameter of 0.1 to 6 µm. Experimental Tests are done in 8, 12, 16 and 20 L/min. To ensure the accuracy of the experimental results, all the tests are repeated at least three times for each volumetric flow rate. Gravimetric method is implemented to calculate the deposition efficiency. According to the results, the deposition efficiency is obtained between 73 and 94 percent for different mentioned impactors and different volumetric flow rate. The numerical results are confirmed by experimental results. Using the barriers increase the efficiency maximum 6 percent in different volumetric flow rate. The results show that by reducing the distance between the vertical barrier and the outlet of nozzle, the deposition and impaction efficiency are increased. Also, the Concave flexible plate with vertical barrier located at 1 mm from the outlet of nozzle is the most efficient case

Survivin c.-31G>C (rs9904341) gene transversion and urinary system cancers risk: A systematic review and a meta-analysis

Aim: To investigate the possible association between survivin c.-31G>C (rs9904341) gene polymorphism and urinary system cancers by a meta-analysis approach. Methods: Standard electronic literature databases were searched to find eligible studies. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95 CIs were estimated to find the associations possibility. Results: Overall meta-analysis revealed significant associations between c.-31G>C transversion and risk of urinary tract cancers in dominant (OR: 1.34; 95 CI: 1.02-1.75; p = 0.035), recessive (OR: 1.52; 95 CI: 1.33-1.74; p C transversion might be a risk factor for urinary system cancers. However, more articles with different ethnicities will help to obtain a more accurate conclusion. © 2018 Future Medicine Ltd

The effect of melatonin on expression of p53 and ovarian preantral follicle development isolated from vitrified ovary

Ovarian vitrification is a strategy for conservation of fertility of young female patients, suffering from infertility, due to iatrogenic loss of ovarian function, resulting from chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of melatonin on expression of p53 and the developmental rate of preantral follicles isolated from vitrified and non-vitrified ovaries. This experimental study was carried out on 40, 14-day-old female mice (NMRI). One ovary from each mouse was used randomly for the vitrification procedure. Preantral follicles with a diameter of 120�140 μm derived from vitrified-warmed and non-vitrified ovarian tissues were cultured individually in α-MEM medium supplemented with or without melatonin. The expression of p53, diameter of follicle, survival rate, and number of antral follicles were compared using post hoc LSD, t test, and chi-square test, respectively in four groups: non-vitrified and non-melatonin (NVNM), non-vitrified and melatonin (NVM), vitrified and non-melatonin (VNM), vitrified and melatonin (VM). p53 gene was expressed in four groups and was strongly expressed in the antral follicles of VNM (p = 0.011). The addition of melatonin increased survival rate and the mean diameter of follicles in vitrified group (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in antral formation of follicles between different groups. Adding melatonin to culture medium reduced expression of p53 apoptotic gene in vitrified group and improves in vitro maturation and survival rate in isolated follicles from vitrified ovaries. © 2017, Springer-Verlag London Ltd

Electrochemical Oxidation Assessment and Interaction of 2-aminoethanol and N, N-diethylethanamine Propagation in Acidic Medium

Electro�oxidation and inhibitor performance of copper specimens in 1 M hydrochloric acid solu� tion was investigated at room temperature by linear potentiodynamic polarization and gravimetric method in the presence of 2�aminoethanol (A) and N, N�diethylethanamine (D) as an inorganic inhibitor. The effect of the inhibitory concentration on the corrosion behavior of copper was studied over 288 hrs at 298°K. The inhibitory efficiency rise up to 96% for single induced and 98% for synergistic behavior. The adsorption mechanism characteristic was supported by SEM/EDX analysis and adsorption isotherm. From all indica� tion, the inhibitive efficiency of these compounds majorly depends on their molecular structure and concen� tration. The blocking effects of the surface interface were also explained on the basis of the inhibitor active action. 2�aminoethanol and N, N�diethylethanamine inhibits copper in 1 M HCl by strictly affecting both the anodic and cathodic sites. Portion of the surface covered calculated was also found to follow Langmuir adsorption isotherm

Improving the Muskingum flood routing method using a hybrid of particle swarm optimization and bat algorithm

Flood prediction and control are among the major tools for decision makers and water resources planners to avoid flood disasters. The Muskingum model is one of the most widely used methods for flood routing prediction. The Muskingum model contains four parameters that must be determined for accurate flood routing. In this context, an optimization process that self-searches for the optimal values of these four parameters might improve the traditional Muskingum model. In this study, a hybrid of the bat algorithm (BA) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, i.e., the hybrid bat-swarm algorithm (HBSA), was developed for the optimal determination of these four parameters. Data for the three different case studies from the USA and the UK were utilized to examine the suitability of the proposed HBSA for flood routing. Comparative analyses based on the sum of squared deviations (SSD), sum of absolute deviations (SAD), error of peak discharge, and error of time to peak showed that the proposed HBSA based on the Muskingum model achieved excellent flood routing accuracy compared to that of other methods while requiring less computational time

Designing trauma registry system using a logical framework approach.

While trauma registries provide the mechanisms to collect comprehensive, timely and accurate data related to the injuries and evaluate trauma care systems, they have not been established in most developing countries. On the other hand, in complex projects that have large aims, a logical framework approach (LFA) can help summarize and describe the multiple branches of the project systematically, and elucidate the main goals, extensive objectives, activities and expected outcomes. Therefore a LFA can be used to design and guide trauma registry project management, to integrate the cultural, clinical and capacity variations among countries; and to ensure early alignment of the project's design and evaluation

Evaluating the drinking waters microbial flora of reverse osmosis treatment systems in kashan city during summer and autumn (2015)

According to the various difficulties of Distillation desalination system,currently the membrane technology such as Reverse Osmosis (RO) is more useful. High concentration of dissolve solids in supplying water resources in Kashan caused a bad taste and reduced the consumer�s desire for using such water,and often they used treated water in a way that at the conducting time of this study,20 centers treated the water by RO method in the city. Therefore,this study evaluated the microbial flora of produced drinking water of RO treatment system in Kashan city during summer and autumn 2015. In this study the census method have used and the sampling have done from all the RO water treatment centers of the city. Three input,output and after storage,samples have taken. The evaluation of the temperature,residual chlorine,TDS,the storage time,and RO membrane operation time in samples have done. The HPC test has done on the samples in the laboratory and the positive plates have identified in terms of bacterial spices. The tests have repeated in four months of the year from July to October. The results showed 95 residual chlorine in the input samples and the HPC test for these samples showed no contamination. The sample contamination after treatment and the tank were 8 and 15 respectively. In addition,the most contamination level have related to September,which the samples temperature in this month reach its highest level. The Pearson coefficient results showed that there was a significant relation between the Heterotroph colonies number and the residual chlorine and temperature parameters,which was consistent with Karami et al. in Kermanshah and Dobaradaran et al. in Esfahan studies. In addition,there was a significant relation between the Heterotroph colonies number and storage time and RO membrane operation time. © 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved

Evaluation of dextrose water, black tea and orange juice on histopathologic recovery of surgery-induced intestinal damage in rabbits

Background: The increase in intestinal permeability following damage to the intestinal mucosa in any surgical procedure, trauma or fasting is well- known. Objectives: Our objective was to experimentally evaluate whether antioxidant consumption is associated with decreased intestinal damage in intestinal surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: Forty rabbits were used to compare the pathological changes in the intestine after consumption of dextrose water 5 (D5W), black tea and orange juice in fasting and in cases with intestine resection and anastomosis. They were divided in to five groups as shams (GI), NPO (G II), D5W (GIII), black tea (GIV) and orange juice groups (GV). In GII to GV group with median laparotomy, a 2 cm segment of jejunum was resected and ends of the bowel were anastomosed. Postoperatively, animals fasted for five days. Animals in GII were killed after five days of fasting. On day five case groups were given free access to drinking D5w (GIII), black tea solution (G IV) and orange juice (GV) for a further 7 days. On day 8, animals were reoperated and the repaired segment of intestine was removed. Morphologic data were compared in groups. Results: There were 8 rabbits in each group. There was a significant difference in villi lengths in the groups (P = 0.003). GV rabbits had obvious recovery of the villous architecture. Conclusions: Orange juice as a source of vitamin C may be an appropriate liquid for postoperative recovery following intestinal surgery. Copyright ©2012, Kowsar Corp. All rights reserved

Association of A-197G polymorphism in interleukin-17 gene with chronic periodontitis: Evidence from six case-control studies with a computational biology approach

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of interleukin-17 (IL-17) A-197G gene polymorphism with chronic periodontitis (CP) in a case-control study, a meta-analysis, and an in silico approach. METHODS: In the case-control study, 122 cases with CP and 126 healthy controls were recruited; IL-17 A-197G genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In the meta-analysis, comprehensive literature retrieval was performed on valid databases to identify relevant studies. Bioinformatics tools were employed to investigate the effects of A-197G transition on the promoter region of IL-17. RESULTS: Our case-control study revealed a significant association between IL-17 A-197G transition and CP. The overall meta-analysis revealed significant associations between the IL-17 A-197G polymorphism and CP risk in homozygote co-dominant and recessive models. The stratified analysis also showed a statistically significant association between the mentioned transition and CP risk in the Caucasian population. The in silico analysis revealed that the A-197G polymorphism could make changes in protein-binding sites of the IL-17 promoter region. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports that IL-17 A-197G transition could be a genetic risk factor for CP. However, further studies with a larger sample size among different ethnicities are required to obtain a more accurate conclusion. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd

MHD Natural Convection and Entropy Generation of Variable Properties Nanofluid in a Triangular Enclosure

Natural convection heat transfer has many applications in different fields of industry; such as cooling industries, electronic transformer devices and ventilation equipment; due to simple process, economic advantage, low noise and renewed retrieval. Recently, heat transfer of nanofluids have been considered because of higher thermal conductivity coefficient compared with those of ordinary fluids. In this study; natural convection and entropy generation in a triangular enclosure filled by Al2O3 –water nanofluid affected by magnetic field considering Brownian motion is investigated numerically. Two inclined walls are maintained at constant cold temperature (Tc) while the bottom wall is kept at constant high temperature (Th) with (Th>Tc). In order to investigate natural convection, a computer program (FORTRAN language) based on finite volume method and SIMPLER algorithm has been used. Analyses is performed for volume fraction of nanoparticles 0, 0.02, 0.04, Hartmann number 0, 50,100, Rayleigh numbers 103,104,105 and angle of inclined walls 450. In investigated angles and Rayleigh numbers; average Nusselt number is increased by enhancement of volume fraction of nanoparticles in a fixed Hartmann number. It is also observed that total entropy generation variations by increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles is similar to that of Nusselt number. By the results; effect of friction is always insignificant on generated entropy. It is observed that natural convection of nanofluid is decreased by enhancement of Hartmann number and its behavior is close to thermal conduction. It is also concluded that average Nusselt number and total generated entropy are decreased